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1929年，尼泊尔与中国西藏因甲波而产生摩擦，西藏地方政府为逮捕甲波而进入尼泊尔在拉萨的代表处，这件事成为藏廓冲突的直接导火索。英国获悉藏廓冲突后，决心借此消除西藏地方政府对自己的怀疑，进而实现自己“重返”拉萨的野心。可以说1929—1930年藏廓冲突与英国有着密不可分的关系。英国为实施其“重返”拉萨的野心，一面唆使尼泊尔在冬季陈兵中尼边境，一面派遣莱登拉入藏“调停”。最终在英国的压力之下，西藏地方政府被迫向尼泊尔道歉。在英国极力干涉中国内政的情况下，国民政府欲借藏廓冲突推进中央政府与西藏地方政府关系的目的没有实现。
Abstract：In the year of 1929,Nepal and China's Tibet had conflict due to Gyalpo. In order to arrested Gyalpo,Tibet local government send forces into Nepal's representative office in Lhasa which became the direct cause of the conflict. After known the Gurka conflict,the United Kingdom decided to gain the trust of Tibet local government by mediating between Kashag and Nepal and achieved its wild ambition of “returning” to Lhasa. The cause of Gurka conflict from 1929 to 1930 between China's Tibet and Nepal was closely related to UK's provocation. On one hand the United Kingdom instigated Nepal to deploy army forces at Sino-Nepalese border,on the other UK sent Laden La to Tibet to “mediate”between two participants. Under the pressure of UK,Tibet local government apologized to Nepal. In this case,the republic government failed to promoted the relationship with Tibet local government.
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(1)F. O. 371/14687 No. 7(13)-P/30. Confidential. From Lieut. Col. J. L. R. Weir,Political Officer in Sikkim,to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,Simla. Dated Camp Yatung,Via Gangtok,the 25th May 1930. p533.
(2)西藏自治区政协文史资料研究委员会:《西藏文史资料选辑》(第5辑)，1985年版(内部发行)，第99页。
(3)同(1)。
(4)F. O. 371/13218 Copy of a confidential letter No. 21/P,dated Gangtok,the 10th January 1928,from the Political Officer in Sikkim,to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,New Delhi. p6.
(5)同(4),p7。
(6)F. O. 371/13218 Copy of a confidential letter No. 138-P,dated Gangtok,the 12th March 1928,from the Political Officer in Sikkim to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,New Delhi. Tibetan Affairs. p32.
(1)F. O. 371/13218 Confidential. No. 52/P. From Lieutenant-Colonel F. M. Bailey,C. I. E.,Political Officer in Sikkim to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,New Delhi. Dated Camp via Gangtok,the 2nd February 1928. Bolshevik Mission to Tibet. p16.
(2)F. O. 371 13218 Confidential. Annual Report-Gyantse.p54.
(3)F. O. 371/13218 Confidential. No. 254/P. From Lieut.-Colonel F. M. Bailey,U. I. E.,Politiacl Officer in Sikkim,to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,Simla. Dated Gangtok,the 13th Aprial 1928. p50.
(4)同(3)。
(5)F. O. 371/13218 Transmits copy letter of May 20th from Dr. J. Rock giving information learned from chief lama at Youngning Monastery. pp59-60.
(6)F. O. 371/13218 Confidential. No. 922/P. From lieutenant-Colonel F. M. Beiley,U. I. E.,Political Officer in Sikkim,to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,Simla. Dated Camp Phari,the 18th September 1928. p77.
(7)同(3)。
(1)F. O. 371/13929 Confidential. No. 1221-P. From LieutColonel J. L. E. Weir,Political Officer in Sikkim,to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,New Delhi. Dated Gangtok,the 22 nd November 1928. NEWS REPORT. p365.
(2)F. O. 371/13929 COPY TO PEKING&INDIA OFFICE.CONFIDENTIAL D. O. No. 120-P. The Residency,Gangtok,Sikkim.The 12th February 1929. p405.
(3)同(2)。
(4)同(2)。
(5)F. O. 371/13929 Copy to India Office&Peking. Confidential. No. 24(1)-P/29. From lieut. Colonel J. L. R. Weir,Political Officer in Sikkim,to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,Simla. Dated Camp Gyantse,Tibet,Via Gangtok,the 12th August1929. p412.
(6)同(5)。
(7)同(5),p413.
(8)F. O. 371/13927 FHM/ETP/DW.(144 groups)2379.COPY TO TELEGRAM. From Viceroy,Foreign and Political Department,to Secretary of State for India. Dated Delhi,12th April,1929.Received 12. 15p. m. 12th April,1929. p369.
(1)F. O. 371/13218 Confidential. No. 254/P. From Lieut.-Colonel F. M. Bailey,U. I. E.,Politiacl Officer in Sikkim,to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,Simla. Dated Gangtok,the 13 th Aprial 1928. p50.
(2)F. O. 371/14701 ETP/CWP/FRS/FCN/DW.(316groups)114. COPY OF TELEGRAM. From Viceroy,Foreign&Political Dept.,to Secretary of State for India. Dated New Delhi,8th January,1930. Received 1. 15p. m.,8th January,1930. p34.
(3)F. O. 371/13960 Telegram dated 22nd October 1929. From Maharaja,Nepal. to His Holiness the Dalai Lama,Lhasa. p487.
(4)F. O. 371/13960 Confidential. No. 26(1)-P/29.(Duplicate). From Lieut-Colonel J. L. R. Weir,Political Officer in Sikkim to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,New Delhi.Dated Gangtok,the 1st November 1929. Friction between Nepal and Tibet. p492.
(5)F. O. 371/13960 Extract from Confidential Demi-official letter. From Sardar Bahadur S. W. Ladn La,Superintendent of Police,Darjeeling,to Lieut-Colonel J. L. R. Weir,Political Officer in Sikkim,Gangtok. No. 1207-C.,dated the 7nd October 1929. p498.
(6)同(4)。
(1)学者邱熠华认为“英印政府通过干预藏尼纠纷，试图恢复自身在西藏地方的影响力……同时，南京国民政府在藏尼危机发生后也派出谢国梁、巴文峻两位特派员，加强了与西藏地方和尼泊尔的关系。”参见邱熠华:《1930年尼泊尔与西藏地方关系危机探析》，载《中国藏学》2012年第2期。
(2)F. O. 371/14701 VN/RC/SRB/ETP/AW.(217 groups)118 . COPY OF TELEGRAM. From Viceroy,Foreign&Political Department,to Secretary of State for India. Dated New Delhi,8th January,1930. Received 8th January,1930. 3. 15 p. m. p36.
(3)F. O. 371/13960 TELEGRAM. From Maharaja Nepal To Hon’ble Kazies of Kashal,Lhasa. Passed through Gangtok telegraph office on the 3rd December 1929. p518.
(4)F. O. 371/13960 TELEGRAM. From Maharaja Nepal To His Excellency the Prime Minister,Lhasa. Passed through Gangtok telegraph office on the 3rd December 1929. p519.
(5)F. O. 371/14702 Confidential. Copy of letter No. 2/29-C,dated Nepal,the 30 th December 1929,from the British Envoy at the Court of Nepal,to the Foreign Srcretary to the Goverment of India,New Delhi. Subject:-Death of Maharaha Sir Chandra Shumshere and succession of SirBhim Shumshere. p145.
(1)F. O. 371/14701 Copy to India Office and Peking. Confidential. No. 1/28-C. From Lieutenant-Colonel C. T. Daukes,C. I.e.,British Envoy at the Court of Nepal,to he Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,New Delhi. Dated,The British Legation,Nepal,the18th December 1929. Nepal-Tibet friction. p73.
(2)F. O. 371/14701 CWP/IT/ETP/AW.(267 groups)116.COPY OF TELEGRAM. From Viceroy,Foreign&Political Department,to Secretary of State for India. Dateh New Delhi,8th January,1930. Received 8th January,1930. 2. 45. p. m. p38.
(3)F. O. 371/14701 FRS/DW.(147 groups). 211. COPY OF TELEGRAM Viceroy,Foreign&Political Department,to Secretary of State for India. Dated New Delhi,12th January,1930. p47.
(4)F. O. 371/14701 IT/DW.(121groups)193. COPY OF TELEGRAM Viceroy,Foreign&Political Department,to Secretary of State for India. Dated New Delhi,11th January,1930. Received 3. 30p. m.,11th January,1930. p49.
(5)F. O. 371/13929 COPY TO INDIA OFFICE&PEKING.Confidential. No. 27(1)-P/29. From Lieut-Colonel J. L. R. Weir,Political Officer in Sikkim to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India Dated Gangtok,the 2nd November 1929. Affairs in Eastern Tibet. p415-416.
(6)同(5),p416.
(7)F. O. 371/14702 Confidential. No. F. 228-X29. From Foreign Secretary to the Goverment of India,to the Political Officer in Sikkim. Dated New Dhlhi,the 13th January 1930. Nepal-Tibet relations. p183.
(8)F. O. 371/14702 FCN/DW/(123 groups)814. COPY OF TELEGRAM. From Viceroy,Foreign&Political Department,to Secretary of State for India,repeating telegram from Political Officer,Sikkim. Dated New Delhi,9th February,1930. Received 1. 30 p. m.,9 th February,1930. p156.
(1)F. O. 371/14702 JRL/AW.(95 groups)822. COPY OF TELEGRAM. From Viceroy,Foreign&Political Department,to Secretary of State for India. Dated New Delhi,9th Fbruary,1930. Received 9 th February,1930. 10 p. m. p158.
(2)F. O. 371/14702 JRL/VN/LJC/AW.(402 GROUPS)853 . COPY OF TELEGRAM. From Viceroy,Foreign&Political Department,to Secretary of State for India. p160.
(3)同(2)。
(4)F. O. 371/14702 Copy of a confidential express letter No. F. 228-X/29,dated 12th February 1930,From Foreign,NewDelhi,to Britenvoy,Nepal. p232.
(5)F. O. 371/14702 Cypher telegram to Sir M. Lampson.1930. 2. 13. p162.
(6)F. O. 371/14702 Confidential. No. F. 228-X/29. From Foreign Secretary to the Goverment of India,to the Political Officer in Sikkim. Dated New Delhi,the 13th January 1930. Nepal-Tibet relaitons. p183.
(1)F. O. 371/14702 Intercepted Telegram. Z MK A R Perry. Kpg 12 press Ktn 155. Daily Mail London. p218.
(2)F. O. 371/14702 News report from Lhasa. p268.
(3)同(2)。
(4)F. O. 371/14702 Confidential. No. F. 228-X/29. From Foreign Secretary to the Goverment of India,to the Political Officer in Sikkim. Dated New Delhi,the 13th January 1930. p183. NepalTibet relaitons.
(1)F. O. 371/14702 Copy of a letter dated the 13th January 1930,from the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,to His Holiness the Precious Dalai Lama,the owner of all the beings living in the snowy “country”,p179.
(2)F. O. 371/14701 Confidential. No. 26(1)-P/29. FromLieut.-Colonel J. L. R. Weir,Political Officer in Sikkim to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,New Dhlhi. Dated Calculatta,the 7th January 1930 Friction between Nepal and Tibet.p130.
(3)同(2),pp130-131.
(4)F. O. 371/14701 Confidential. No. 26(1)-P/29. FromLieut.-Colonel J. L. R. Weir, Political Officer in Sikkim to theForeign Secretary to the Government of India,New Dhlhi. Dated Calculatta,the 7th January 1930Friction between Nepal and Tibet. p131.
(5)F. O. 371/14702 Telegram P. No. 1(1)-P/30. Dated(and recd)10th February 1930. From-Political Sikkim,Gangtok. To-Foreign,New Delhi.(Repeated Britenvoy,Nepal). p222.
(6)F. O. 371/14702 JRL/FRS/DW(270 groups)1504.COPY OF TELEGRAM From Viceroy,Foreign&Political Department,to Secretary of Stete for India. Dated New Delhi,13th March,1930.Received 10 p. m.,13th March,1930. p236.
(7)F. O. 371/14702 Translation Copy of a Tibetan text(apology letter)received by Mr. Laden la from His Holiness the Dalai Lama. p346.
(1)F. O. 371/14702 Lhasa Representative Report of 17th December 1929. p186.
(2)F. O. 371/13218 From Lieut-. Colonel F. M. Beiley,U.I. E.,Political Officer in Sikkim,to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,Simlia. 1928. 4. 13. p51.
(3)F. O. 371/14702 Telegram P. No. 1(1)-P/30,dated(and recd.)29th March 1930 From Political,Sikkim,Gangtok. to Foreign,New Delhi. p344.
(4)F. O. 371/14702 Telegram P. No. 1(1)-P/30,dated(and recd)5th May 1930. From Political,Sikkim,Gangtok. to Foreign,Simle. p354.
(5)威尔一行人包括威尔的妻子、辛克莱中尉、江孜商务代表处副助理外科医生波次仁及莱登拉、诺布顿珠等。参见周伟洲:《英国俄国与中国西藏》，北京:中国藏学出版社2000年版，第495页。
(6)F. O. 676/76 Confidential No. F. 4-X/30. From The Foreign Secretary to the Government of India,to His Majesty’s Under Secretary of State for India,India Office,London. Dated New Delhi,the 24th December 1930. Colonel Weir’s visit to Lhasa.
(7)同(6)。
(8)F. O. 676/76 to His Excellency Lord Irwin Viceroy and Governor General of India.
基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:K263;K561.45;D827
引用信息:
[1]高栋.英国参与藏廓冲突之再探讨[J].西藏研究,2022,No.195(04):59-70.
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