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青藏高原的青海、西藏地区历史上曾是丝绸之路关键经往地带及区域文明中心。丝绸之路青海道初创于史前,约形成于东周时期。历经先秦、两汉、魏晋南北朝、唐、宋元及明清的不同历史时期,曾先后以"玉石之路(穆王道)""羌中道""吐谷浑道""青藏道"等命名,其延长线"河湟道""西蜀道""唐蕃道"等亦是各族相互通使、进贡、赦敕、经商而形成的往来通道。明清时期,"青藏道"抵达河州后,经过"康藏道"西路而与其联系在一起;"康藏道"本身又是"南方丝绸之路"的重要组成部分。由此,南北丝绸之路、长江与黄河经济带联为一体。鉴于青海道与丝绸之路的"特殊性和互联性",追溯考释丝绸之路青海道的发展演变,特别是明清时期陕西商帮在"青藏道""康藏道"的经商足迹,以史为鉴,可为当前"一带一路"背景下的西部省际跨域经济发展给予现实启示。
Abstract：The Qinghai and Tibet areas in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau were the key areas on Silk Road and the center of regional civilization. Qinghai Silk Road established in prehistory,and formed in the Eastern Zhou dynasty. It has experienced different historical periods,including the pre Qin,Han,Wei,Jin,northern and Southern Dynasties,Tang,Song and Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,and respectively named with ‘Jade Road',‘Qiang Road',‘Tu-yuhun Road' and ‘Qinghai Tibet Road'. Besides,its extension lines such as ‘He-huang Road',‘Western Sichuan Road',‘Tang and Tibet Road' were all mutually passageways served as envoy visiting,tribute paying,pardon and trade. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Qinghai Tibet Road arrived in the He-zhou,which was linked by ‘Sichuan Tibet Road',and the latter itself became an important part of the Southern Silk Road. Thus,the Northwestern Silk Road and the Southern Silk Road,the Yangtze River and the Yellow River economical belts join as a whole.In view of the ‘particularity and interconnectedness' between the Qinghai Road and the Silk Road,looking back on the development of Qinghai Silk Road evolution,especially Shaanxi businessmen footprints during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,so as to provide more historical bases for ‘communication' between Qinghai and the mainland since ancient times,especially during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,also provide references to the Western provincial development under the background of The Belt and Road Initiative in China.
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(1)所谓西域,历史上有不尽相同的内涵,现代分狭义与广义。狭义的西域,约相当于帝国主义侵割以前的新疆地区;广义的西域,则泛指玉门关、阳关以西的广大地区,即除新疆之外还包括今中亚、西亚的部分地区(参见孟凡人著《丝绸之路史话》,社会科学文献出版社2014年版)。
(1)其中,北线起自洛阳,过宁夏、额济纳旗西行;中线沿泾河流域抵达平凉,过六盘山,向西沿祖厉河而下,在靖远附近渡黄河,再经景泰、古浪至武威,后沿河西走廊西行;南线经天水、秦安、渭源至临洮,由临洮至金城(兰州),过黄河至河西,或由临洮西行至临夏,然后西北行至青海西宁,再或经张掖去河西,或过日月山、青海湖,到新疆及中亚西亚,直至罗马。
(1)其中,“三中心”即打造西部地区重要的经济中心、对外交往中心、丝路科创中心;“两高地”即丝路文化高地、内陆开放高地;“一枢纽”即国家综合交通枢纽。
基本信息:
中图分类号:K878.4
引用信息:
[1]刘立云.从“玉石之路”到“茶马古道”:论丝绸之路青海道的演变及其意义[J].西藏研究,2018,No.167(01):126-134.
基金信息:
西藏民族大学“西藏文化传承发展协同创新中心”招标课题(项目编号:XT-ZB201705)阶段性成果
2018-02-15
2018-02-15