《西藏研究》汉文版

从考古实物、文献记载与传世印章来看，西藏印章的钮式主要有塔钮、角钮、鼻钮、龙钮、螭钮、狮钮、虎钮、驼钮、马钮、象钮、橛钮等二十余种，而具有西藏地方特色的塔形钮、法轮钮、宝珠钮、如意钮、杵钮等钮式却在传统官私印集录中未见记载。西藏官印钮式深受政治与文化的双重影响，尤其是对了解元以来历代中央政府治藏方略的传承与演变对钮式发展规律具有导向性和能动性，钮式种类的丰富性是多民族文化交流、交汇、交融的结果，而西藏地方自制官印与私印钮式的辟邪、纳福、护佑等特点又使其独具门类。西藏印章钮式研究，对于了解西藏印章的政治属性、宗教特性、地域文化性，尤其是元代以来历代中央政府对西藏宗教名号、世俗爵号、军政职衔的册封制度、职官设置、官秩品级等均有一定助益。

According to archaeological findings,documents research results and existing seals which handed down from ancient times,there are about twenty knob types in Tibet seals,such as tower knob,horn knob,nose knob,dragon knob,Chi( a dragon without horns) knob,lion knob,camel knob,horse knob,elephant knob and wooden stake knob. The knob types with Tibetan features for example,stupa knob,dharma-cakra knob,wish-fulfilling pearl knob,Ruyi knob and Vajra knob are not included in the Traditional official and private seal records. By investigating the knob types of Tibetan seal which stored in Tibet Museum,Potala Palace Administration Office and other cultural relics and exhibition museums,the author carried out some researches on the categories,styles,characteristics,origins,pattern of official and private Tibetan seals,it could be found that the shapes of official Tibetan seal knobs are deeply influenced by politics and culture. In particular,the inheritance and development of Tibet governance strategies carried out by central governments since Yuan Dynasty has a guiding and active role in the changing of Tibetan knobs shapes. The various knob types of Tibetan seals are the result of ethnics' cultural communication,exchanges and integration. The Bixie( exorcise evil spirits) knob,Nafu( happiness gathering) knob and Huyou( blessing) knob are the unique types in Tibetan seals. Studying the knob types of Tibetan seals could contribute to understand the political features,religious features and regional cultural features of Tibetan seals,also help scholars to study the conferring system of Tibetan religious titles,noble titles and military rank system in Tibet.