《西藏研究》汉文版

我国人口老龄化态势正在加速，民族地区也不例外且呈现为典型的“未富先老”样态。阿坝州是全国唯一的藏族羌族自治州，在2010年“六普”时就已迈入老龄社会，2020年“七普”时老龄化社会特征更加明显。阿坝州人口老龄化呈现出“老年人口总量持续增加，老龄化进程城乡不同步、市县有差异、县城偏低、乡镇极化、性别差异明显”等特征。独特的生态屏障地位、复杂多元的地形地貌、超低的人口密度与经济密度、偏低的财政自给水平、老龄人口的高比例文盲与带病生存、家庭主导的居住形态与供养支持，构成了阿坝州人口老龄化的自然—社会—经济—家庭文化支持模式。因此，应对阿坝州人口老龄化的重点包括：前置人口老龄化应对举措、推动分市(县)分乡(镇)的养老设施建设、完善家庭供养支持制度、开发灵性资本养老互助功能、发展乡村为老适老服务经济、储备养老护理人才。

China's population aging trend is accelerating,ethnic minority areas are no exception,showing a typical “aging before getting rich ” pattern. Aba Prefecture,the only Tibetan and Qiang autonomous prefecture in China,has entered the aging society in 2010 when the 6 th national population census project launched,and the characteristics of the aging society were more obvious when the 7 th national population census project launched. The aging population of Aba Prefecture shows the characteristics of “the total elderly population continues to increase,the aging process is not synchronized between urban and rural areas,data different among counties and cities,counties aging population was relatively low and the gender difference is obvious”. The unique ecological barrier status,complex and diversified landforms,ultra-low population density and economic density,low level of financial self-sufficiency,high proportion of the elderly population illiterate and living with illness,family-led living patterns and support constitute the natural,social,economic and family cultural support of the aging population in Aba Prefecture.Therefore,the key points to deal with the aging population in Aba Prefecture include: taking measures to cope with the aging population in advance,promoting the construction of pension facilities in countiesand towns,improving the family support and support system,developing the spiritual capital pension mutual assistance function,developing the rural service economy for the elderly,and reserving old-age nursing talents.